Journalist/developer. Storytelling developer @ USA Today Network. Builder of @HomicideWatch. Sinophile for fun. Past: @frontlinepbs @WBUR, @NPR, @NewsHour.
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Opinion | When my child’s circus school braces for ICE

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Anna Kusmer is audio editor for Globe Opinion and produces and cohosts its “Say More” podcast.

I recently received an email from what I call “the circus.” It’s a community circus school in my neighborhood in Boston that has classes for children and adults, ranging from Hula-Hooping to swinging from aerial silks. My child goes there on Sundays to practice walking on a balance beam lifted inches from the ground and jumping from high mats onto lower mats.

In the email sent to all circus families, the circus managers described a working document the space was putting together — the planned response if Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents came. The email contains detailed instructions about where to shelter, best practices for filming interactions, and how to ask for judicial warrants.

“Stay calm and do not panic or raise an alarm in a way that could escalate the situation. Call for help,” the document says, before listing names and numbers of circus leadership.

My first response was to think, wow, it seems a little much that this small organization should be worrying about being raided by ICE. What would agents be hunting for, exactly? Undocumented clowns?

But then I caught myself.

Of course ICE could target this type of place. A friend of mine wrote to me recently, frantically describing ICE raiding her friend’s day-care center in Minneapolis, hauling off a beloved teacher. The Trump administration’s quota to arrest 3,000 people a day created a virtual guarantee that ICE will raid all kinds of community spaces.

When I think about why I love bringing my kid to the circus, one of the key aspects is its safety. It took my risk-averse son weeks to build up the courage to do a handstand against the wall and even longer to attempt a somersault down a slanted mat (he’s almost there). He’s only able to do these things through endless practice and constant calm encouragement from his teacher.

How would my 4-year-old son react if ICE came into this space and took a classmate or teacher? Would he ever again have the courage to try something new?

We got similar messages from our day care and pediatrician offices. Some version of “This is the plan if ICE comes knocking.”

In some ways, I am proud to know that my spaces are looking out for their neighbors — particularly those most vulnerable to ICE’s unprofessional and violent tactics. But what exactly does it mean that these types of places are bracing for raids from armed agents in masks? What impact does it have on us — citizens and immigrants alike — to be constantly looking over our shoulders in terror?

Then I realized that this is the point.

Many of us — regardless of immigration status — are scanning our most beloved safe spaces and imagining masked agents storming in with pepper spray and grenade launchers. We’re imagining how we might react and whether or not we might get shot for expressing our discontent, or even rage.

My heart is racing this minute, as a community WhatsApp chat shared by parents of neighborhood infants is becoming an ad hoc reporting system for people plucked off the streets of our Boston neighborhood. My mind is filled with images of the threat of lethal force in these familiar places.

In the weeks after Renee Good, a mother of three, was shot by an ICE agent in Minneapolis while driving home from a school dropoff, I couldn’t stop thinking about her glove compartment overflowing with stuffed animals. I think about the children in Alex Pretti’s life who might have seen the footage of federal agents bearing down on him in his final moments.

This email from the circus, and the possibilities it implies — this is the psychological impact of authoritarianism. This is the way it touches each one of us, in every place we go. Nowhere is safe, really.

With each passing day, I can feel the urge to stay home from circus class, from the playground, from all the places we love, for fear they may become a hunting ground.

But no.

If ICE agents do come to the circus, I hope I am there. And I hope I’m brave enough to stand up to them, to do whatever I can to protect my child and his classmates from the worldview they represent.

I hope it’s not the last thing I ever do.


Anna Kusmer can be reached at anna.kusmer@globe.com.

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chrisamico
3 hours ago
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Boston, MA
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The Rise of Spec Driven Development

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It’s been a month since I launched whenwords, and since then there’s been a flurry of experiments with spec driven development (SDD): using coding agents to implement software using only a detailed text spec and a collection of conformance tests.

Github Could Use a ‘Docs Review’ UI

First off, despite whenwords being a couple Markdown docs and a YAML test set, people have submitted valuable PRs. Mathias Lafeldt spotted a disagreement about rounding, where the spec instructed the agent to round up in several scenarios, but three tests were rounding down. Others have suggested there should be some [CI][ci] (despite their being no code) and wonder what that should be.

There’s been enough action on the repo to give us an idea of what open source collaboration could look like in a SDD world. And it feels more like commenting in and marking up a Google Doc than code merges. I would love to see Github lean into this and build richer Markdown review, like Word or Google Docs, allowing for easier collaboration and accessibility to a wider audience.

Emulation & Porting are the Low-Hanging SDD Use Case

By far, the hardest part of starting a SDD project is creating the tests. Which is why many developers are opting for borrowing existing test sets or deriving by referencing a source of truth.

Here’s a few examples:

Now… It’s worth noting that most of these examples didn’t emerge perfectly. Anthropic’s C-compiler just kinda punted on the hard stuff and admits the generated code is inefficient1. Pydantic’s Python emulator lacks json, typing, sys, and other standard libraries. Though I’m sure those will come soon. Vercel’s just-bash sports outstanding coverage, though people continue to find bugs.

This is the big takeaway from watching the last few weeks of SDD: agents and a pile of tests can get you really far, really fast, but for complex software they can’t get you over the line. Edge cases will generate new tests, truly hard problems will resist SDD implementation, and architectural issues will prohibit parallelism agents.

Vercel’s CTO and just-bash creator, Malte Ubl, sums it up best:

Software is free now. (Free as in puppies)

You can Ralph up a port or emulator in a weekend or two, but now you have to take care of it.


  1. There is lots to pick apart in Anthropic’s piece (I have had multiple compiler and related people ping me about how misrepresentative it is), but the most laughable claim is that this is, “a clean-room implementation”. The idea that using an LLM trained on the entire internet, all of Github, and warehouses full of books is a clean room environment is absurd. 

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chrisamico
2 days ago
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Boston, MA
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Deep Blue

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We coined a new term on the Oxide and Friends podcast last month (primary credit to Adam Leventhal) covering the sense of psychological ennui leading into existential dread that many software developers are feeling thanks to the encroachment of generative AI into their field of work.

We're calling it Deep Blue.

You can listen to it being coined in real time from 47:15 in the episode. I've included a transcript below.

Deep Blue is a very real issue.

Becoming a professional software engineer is hard. Getting good enough for people to pay you money to write software takes years of dedicated work. The rewards are significant: this is a well compensated career which opens up a lot of great opportunities.

It's also a career that's mostly free from gatekeepers and expensive prerequisites. You don't need an expensive degree or accreditation. A laptop, an internet connection and a lot of time and curiosity is enough to get you started.

And it rewards the nerds! Spending your teenage years tinkering with computers turned out to be a very smart investment in your future.

The idea that this could all be stripped away by a chatbot is deeply upsetting.

I've seen signs of Deep Blue in most of the online communities I spend time in. I've even faced accusations from my peers that I am actively harming their future careers through my work helping people understand how well AI-assisted programming can work.

I think this is an issue which is causing genuine mental anguish for a lot of people in our community. Giving it a name makes it easier for us to have conversations about it.

My experiences of Deep Blue

I distinctly remember my first experience of Deep Blue. For me it was triggered by ChatGPT Code Interpreter back in early 2023.

My primary project is Datasette, an ecosystem of open source tools for telling stories with data. I had dedicated myself to the challenge of helping people (initially focusing on journalists) clean up, analyze and find meaning in data, in all sorts of shapes and sizes.

I expected I would need to build a lot of software for this! It felt like a challenge that could keep me happily engaged for many years to come.

Then I tried uploading a CSV file of San Francisco Police Department Incident Reports - hundreds of thousands of rows - to ChatGPT Code Interpreter and... it did every piece of data cleanup and analysis I had on my napkin roadmap for the next few years with a couple of prompts.

It even converted the data into a neatly normalized SQLite database and let me download the result!

I remember having two competing thoughts in parallel.

On the one hand, as somebody who wants journalists to be able to do more with data, this felt like a huge breakthrough. Imagine giving every journalist in the world an on-demand analyst who could help them tackle any data question they could think of!

But on the other hand... what was I even for? My confidence in the value of my own projects took a painful hit. Was the path I'd chosen for myself suddenly a dead end?

I've had some further pangs of Deep Blue just in the past few weeks, thanks to the Claude Opus 4.5/4.6 and GPT-5.2/5.3 coding agent effect. As many other people are also observing, the latest generation of coding agents, given the right prompts, really can churn away for a few minutes to several hours and produce working, documented and fully tested software that exactly matches the criteria they were given.

"The code they write isn't any good" doesn't really cut it any more.

A lightly edited transcript

Bryan: I think that we're going to see a real problem with AI induced ennui where software engineers in particular get listless because the AI can do anything. Simon, what do you think about that?

Simon: Definitely. Anyone who's paying close attention to coding agents is feeling some of that already. There's an extent where you sort of get over it when you realize that you're still useful, even though your ability to memorize the syntax of program languages is completely irrelevant now.

Something I see a lot of is people out there who are having existential crises and are very, very unhappy because they're like, "I dedicated my career to learning this thing and now it just does it. What am I even for?". I will very happily try and convince those people that they are for a whole bunch of things and that none of that experience they've accumulated has gone to waste, but psychologically it's a difficult time for software engineers.

[...]

Bryan: Okay, so I'm going to predict that we name that. Whatever that is, we have a name for that kind of feeling and that kind of, whether you want to call it a blueness or a loss of purpose, and that we're kind of trying to address it collectively in a directed way.

Adam: Okay, this is your big moment. Pick the name. If you call your shot from here, this is you pointing to the stands. You know, I – Like deep blue, you know.

Bryan: Yeah, deep blue. I like that. I like deep blue. Deep blue. Oh, did you walk me into that, you bastard? You just blew out the candles on my birthday cake.

It wasn't my big moment at all. That was your big moment. No, that is, Adam, that is very good. That is deep blue.

Simon: All of the chess players and the Go players went through this a decade ago and they have come out stronger.

Turns out it was more than a decade ago: Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997.

You are only seeing the long-form articles from my blog. Subscribe to /atom/everything/ to get all of my posts, or take a look at my other subscription options.

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chrisamico
3 days ago
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How Generative and Agentic AI Shift Concern from Technical Debt to Cognitive Debt

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How Generative and Agentic AI Shift Concern from Technical Debt to Cognitive Debt

This piece by Margaret-Anne Storey is the best explanation of the term cognitive debt I've seen so far.

Cognitive debt, a term gaining traction recently, instead communicates the notion that the debt compounded from going fast lives in the brains of the developers and affects their lived experiences and abilities to “go fast” or to make changes. Even if AI agents produce code that could be easy to understand, the humans involved may have simply lost the plot and may not understand what the program is supposed to do, how their intentions were implemented, or how to possibly change it.

Margaret-Anne expands on this further with an anecdote about a student team she coached:

But by weeks 7 or 8, one team hit a wall. They could no longer make even simple changes without breaking something unexpected. When I met with them, the team initially blamed technical debt: messy code, poor architecture, hurried implementations. But as we dug deeper, the real problem emerged: no one on the team could explain why certain design decisions had been made or how different parts of the system were supposed to work together. The code might have been messy, but the bigger issue was that the theory of the system, their shared understanding, had fragmented or disappeared entirely. They had accumulated cognitive debt faster than technical debt, and it paralyzed them.

I've experienced this myself on some of my more ambitious vibe-code-adjacent projects. I've been experimenting with prompting entire new features into existence without reviewing their implementations and, while it works surprisingly well, I've found myself getting lost in my own projects.

I no longer have a firm mental model of what they can do and how they work, which means each additional feature becomes harder to reason about, eventually leading me to lose the ability to make confident decisions about where to go next.

Via Martin Fowler

Tags: definitions, ai, generative-ai, llms, ai-assisted-programming, vibe-coding, cognitive-debt

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chrisamico
4 days ago
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Boston, MA
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ICE grabs somebody right out of their car in Roslindale Square

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This morning, on Corinth Street outside Family Dollar. They grabbed the driver, left the car in the middle of the street with the keys still in.

Josh Muncey, who owns a real-estate office around the corner on Birch Street, reports he got in the car and moved it into a parking space. At 10:55 a.m., he reported two unmarked Ford Explorers just circling Roslindale Square.

He added the hotline number for LUCE, which helps immigrants and coordinates incident watchers, is 617-370-5023.

City Councilor Enrique Pepén, who represents Roslindale, says he was just coming out of the Square Root when the grabbing happened, and is now trying to get  information on the person, such as whether there was a judicial warrant out for his arrest or if this was once of the regime's now standard grabbing of somebody without a warrant issued by a judge.

He said he was heartened that LUCE observers and members of Roslindale Is for Everyone quickly arrived and began patrolling the narrow streets of Roslindale Square. He said he made a point of stopping into the neighborhood's minority-owned businesses to talk to the owners and workers about what to do should ICE return, given its predilection to go after Black and Brown people. 

"It is scary," he said. "It's down the street from where I live. This isn't even work anymore, it's personal."

Neighborhoods: 
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chrisamico
14 days ago
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This is my neighborhood.
Boston, MA
acdha
13 days ago
I’m sorry: we’ve had that in our neighborhood as well. The cruelty is staggering, especially when the “illegal” part was something like following the rules for an asylum case only to have it rejected on dubious grounds.
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Opinion | How Trump Has Used the Presidency to Make at Least $1.4 Billion

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The editorial board is a group of opinion journalists whose views are informed by expertise, research, debate and certain longstanding values. It is separate from the newsroom.

President Trump has never been a man to ask what he can do for his country. In his second term, as in his first, he is instead testing the limits of what his country can do for him.

He has poured his energy and creativity into the exploitation of the presidency — into finding out just how much money people, corporations and other nations are willing to put into his pockets in hopes of bending the power of the government to the service of their interests.

A review by the editorial board relying on analyses from news organizations shows that Mr. Trump has used the office of the presidency to make at least $1.4 billion. We know this number to be an underestimate because some of his profits remain hidden from public view. And they continue to grow.

Mr. Trump’s hunger for wealth is brazen. Throughout the nation’s history, presidents of both parties have taken care to avoid even the appearance of profiting from public service. This president gleefully squeezes American corporations, flaunts gifts from foreign governments and celebrates the rapid growth of his own fortune.

When President Harry Truman left office in 1953, he did not even own a car. He and his wife returned to Missouri by train and lived for a time on his Army pension. He refused to take any job that he regarded as commercializing his public service, explaining, “I knew that they were not interested in hiring Harry Truman, the person, but what they wanted to hire was the former president of the United States.” Mr. Trump has said that when he leaves office, he plans to take with him a $400 million Boeing 747 that was a gift from Qatar, and to display it at his presidential library.

This tally focuses on Mr. Trump’s documented gains. The $1.4 billion figure is a minimum, not a full accounting. It is probable that Mr. Trump has collected several hundred million dollars in additional profits from his cryptocurrency ventures over the past year. The Trumps have acknowledged as much. When The Financial Times asked Eric Trump, one of the president’s sons, about its estimated value of the family’s crypto gains, he said they were probably even larger than the news organization thought.

Our accounting also does not include other ways in which the president has encouraged influence seekers to make donations that benefit him politically, including to his planned White House renovation. During the government shutdown, Mr. Trump even used a private gift to finance his policy priorities. Other presidents did not behave this way.

Mr. Trump was already the wealthiest person to serve as president of the United States. He began his second term with a large portfolio of real estate holdings and an ownership stake in a social media company. Those businesses have benefited from his presidency. His real estate company, for example, is making millions from deals licensing Mr. Trump’s name for use on new projects in foreign countries. Even more striking, however, are the enormous profits the Trump family has reaped by creating and selling cryptocurrencies, allowing Mr. Trump to collect money from those seeking his favor.

It is impossible to know how often Mr. Trump makes official decisions, in part or entirely, because he wants to be richer. And that is precisely the problem. A culture of corruption is pernicious because it is not just a deviation from government in the public interest; it is also the destruction of the state’s democratic legitimacy. It undermines the necessary faith that the representatives of the people are acting in the interest of the people.

Aristotle, writing more than 2,000 years ago, saw clearly and warned that a government whose leaders worked to enrich themselves might still call itself a republic, and might still go through the motions, but when the aim of government shifts from public good to private gain, its constitution becomes an empty shell. The government is no longer for the people.

The demands of avarice gradually corrupt the work of government as officials facilitate the accumulation of personal wealth. Worse, such a government corrupts the people who live under its rule. They learn by experience that they live in a society where the laws are written by the highest bidder. They become less likely to obey those laws, and to participate in the work of democracy — speaking, voting, paying taxes. The United States risks falling into this cynical spiral as Mr. Trump hollows out the institutions of government for personal gain.

Methodology These numbers are based on publicly available information and analyses by news organizations. Licensing and crypto estimates are drawn from a Reuters analysis published in October; the estimate for both categories is based on data from the first half of 2025. $Melania meme coin estimates are drawn from The Financial Times. It is unclear how much of this money went to the Trumps and how much went to their business partners. “Melania” documentary estimates are drawn from The Wall Street Journal. Legal settlements and Qatari jet estimates are drawn from The New York Times. Some of the money from these settlements will go to Mr. Trump’s presidential library and other plaintiffs in the cases.

The Trumps and their business partners have disputed some of these estimates, but we find the estimates to be more credible than the Trumps’ claims.

Photographs by Angela Weiss/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images and Nathan Howard/Reuters. Additional production by Jeremy Ashkenas.

Published Jan. 20, 2026

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chrisamico
29 days ago
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Boston, MA
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